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高中化学
24
engines
物质的量浓度
Molar Concentration
c=n/V · 2mol÷2L→1mol/L · V是溶液体积
High school chemistry · solutions
理想气体状态方程
Ideal Gas Law
PV=nRT · 273K、100kPa→22.7L · R=8.314
High school chemistry · gases
强酸的 pH
pH of a Strong Acid
pH=−lg[H⁺] · 10⁻³→pH3 · 差1差10倍
High school chemistry · acids
产率
Percent Yield
产率=实际/理论×100% · 40/50→80%
High school chemistry · calculations
相对原子质量(同位素)
Average Atomic Mass
同位素丰度加权 · Cl:35×75%+37×25%→35.5
High school chemistry · atoms
键能与反应热
Bond Energy & ΔH
ΔH=断键−成键 · 800−900=−100放热
High school chemistry · thermochemistry
平均反应速率
Average Reaction Rate
速率=Δc/Δt · 0.5mol/L÷10s→0.05
High school chemistry · kinetics
化学平衡常数
Equilibrium Constant
Kc=[B]/[A] · 2/1→2 · 越大越偏产物
High school chemistry · equilibrium
原子经济性
Atom Economy
目标Mr/总产物Mr×100% · 44/62→71% · 绿色化学
High school chemistry · green chemistry
浓度稀释公式
Molarity Dilution
M₁V₁=M₂V₂ · 2mol/L稀到500mL→0.4
High school chemistry · solutions
质量—摩尔计算
Mass–Mole Stoichiometry
质量→摩尔→质量 · 100g→1mol→44g
High school chemistry · calculations
气体体积计算
Gas Volume Stoichiometry
同温同压体积比=摩尔比 · 20L×3→60L
High school chemistry · gases
pH 与 pOH 的关系
pH and pOH
pH+pOH=14 · [H⁺]10⁻³→pH3、pOH11
High school chemistry · acids
电子层最多容纳电子数
Electron Shell Capacity
第n层≤2n² · n3→18、n4→32
High school chemistry · atoms
求元素化合价
Oxidation Number
氧化物A=2y/x · Al₂O₃→Al为+3
High school chemistry · oxidation
由相对密度求摩尔质量
Molar Mass from Relative Density
M=D×M参照 · D1.5×O₂(32)→48
High school chemistry · gases
限量反应物
Limiting Reactant
取min定产量 · A2、B4→A限量、2mol
High school chemistry · calculations
质量摩尔浓度
Molality
b=n/溶剂kg · 2mol/1kg→2mol/kg
High school chemistry · solutions
反应放热量
Heat of Reaction
Q=ΔH×n · 286kJ/mol×2→572kJ
High school chemistry · thermochemistry
半衰期衰变
Half-Life Decay
N=N₀(1/2)ⁿ · 3个半衰期、800→100
High school chemistry · kinetics
弱酸的电离
Weak Acid Ionization
[H⁺]=√(Ka·c) · Ka1.8e-5、c0.1→pH2.87
High school chemistry · equilibrium
缓冲溶液 pH
Buffer pH
pH=pKa+lg([A⁻]/[HA]) · 1:1时=pKa
High school chemistry · equilibrium
中和滴定求浓度
Titration
c酸V酸=c碱V碱 · 25mL酸用25mL 1M碱→1M
High school chemistry · analysis
电离度
Degree of Ionization
α=已电离/总×100% · 5/100→5%
High school chemistry · equilibrium