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石油工程·油藏
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石油工程·油藏
12
engines
储层孔隙度与渗透率
Reservoir porosity & permeability
孔隙度φ 15-25% · 渗透率k 0.1-1000mD · 1达西≈9.87e-13m²
Porosity φ sets how much fluid a rock can store; permeability k sets how fast it flows — a good reservoir needs both
达西径向流入井
Darcy radial flow into a well
q=kh·Δp/(141.2·μB·ln(re/rw)) · 587STB/d · PI=1.17
How permeability, pay thickness, viscosity and drawdown together set the well rate q
油水相对渗透率曲线
Relative permeability curves (oil–water)
Corey kro/krw · Swc/Sor · 归一化Sw* · 交叉点
With two phases sharing the rock, each flows less as the other saturates the pores
石油 API 度(°API)
API gravity of crude oil
API=141.5/SG−131.5 · SG0.85→35°轻 · 水10° · <22.3重
Convert specific gravity to °API and classify light / medium / heavy / extra-heavy crude
溶解气油比 Rs 与生产气油比(GOR)
Solution GOR (Rs) and producing GOR
Rs scf/STB · 泡点Pb以下脱气 · 超Pb Rs恒定
How the gas–oil ratio changes as reservoir pressure drops and gas comes out of solution
原油体积系数 Bo
Oil formation volume factor Bo
Bo=储层/地面体积 · 溶气+热膨胀Bo>1 · Pb处最大
The ratio of an oil's volume at reservoir vs. stock-tank (surface) conditions
产量递减分析(Arps 递减曲线)
Decline-curve analysis (Arps)
Arps q=qi·e^(−Dt)/双曲/调和 · EUR · 调和尾最肥
Exponential / hyperbolic / harmonic decline and the resulting EUR
采收率与地质储量(OOIP · RF)
Recovery factor & OOIP
OOIP=7758·A·h·φ(1−Sw)/Bo=31MMbbl · RF一次15%
Volumetric OOIP and how primary / secondary / tertiary recovery build RF
注水驱油(波及效率与流度比)
Waterflooding drive (sweep & mobility ratio)
注水驱油 · 波及效率 · M=(krw/μw)/(kro/μo)<1有利
Injected water sweeps oil to the producers; the mobility ratio M sets a piston-like vs. fingered front
钻井泥浆密度窗口
Drilling mud-weight window
P=0.052·MW·TVD=5200psi · 孔压/破裂压泥浆窗口
Choosing mud density between formation pore pressure and fracture pressure
水力压裂:压力—时间与裂缝导流
Hydraulic fracturing: treatment pressure & conductivity
破裂延伸+支撑剂 · 净压=井底−闭合 · 导流kf·w
From breakdown to propagation to proppant pack — conductivity and half-length set the uplift
黑油 PVT:Bo、Rs、μo 随压力变化
Black-oil PVT: Bo, Rs, μo vs. pressure
Bo/Rs/μo vs P · 泡点Pb处Bo/Rs峰μo最小 · 饱和/未饱和
All three curves bend at the bubble-point Pb: Bo peaks, Rs plateaus, μo is minimum