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电力系统·电机
12
engines
AC complex power
AC complex power
S=VI*=P+jQ · |S|/功率因数 · 功率三角形
Real / reactive / apparent power, power factor and the power triangle
Per-unit system
Per-unit system
基准MVA/kV→基准Z/I · 标幺阻抗跨变压器不变
Normalize impedance, voltage and current to a common base — invariant across a transformer
Transformer equivalent circuit
Transformer equivalent circuit
绕组R+jX+励磁支路 · 电压调整率 · 效率
Voltage regulation & efficiency from winding R+jX, core loss and load
Synchronous generator · power–angle characteristic
Synchronous generator · power–angle characteristic
P=EV/X·sinδ · 相量图 · δ=90°失步
P = (E·V/X)·sinδ · pull-out at δ = 90° · phasor diagram E = V + jIX
Induction motor · torque–slip characteristic
Induction motor · torque–slip characteristic
转差s · 转矩-转速曲线 · 起动/最大转矩+铜耗
T ∝ s·V²·R₂ / (R₂² + (s·X₂)²) · breakdown at s = R₂/X₂ · Pcu2 = s·Pag
Swing equation · equal-area criterion
Swing equation · equal-area criterion
转子动力学 · 等面积法则A1/A2 · 暂态稳定
Step in Pm · A1 (accelerating) vs A2 (decelerating) · stable iff A2 ≥ A1
Transmission line · ABCD model
Transmission line · ABCD model
短/中π/长线 · ABCD参数 · 受端→送端
Short / medium (nominal-π) / long line — ABCD constants and the sending end
Voltage regulation · power factor
Voltage regulation · power factor
VR%=(Vnl−Vfl)/Vfl · 滞后pf恶化/超前可负VR
VR% = (|V_noload| − |V_fullload|)/|V_fullload| × 100 — and how lag/lead changes it
Bus admittance matrix (Ybus)
Bus admittance matrix (Ybus)
对角=Σ导纳 · 非对角=−y · 对称稀疏
Y_ii = Σ y (sum at the bus), Y_ij = −y_ij — symmetric and sparse
Symmetrical components · Fortescue transform
Symmetrical components · Fortescue transform
Fortescue · a算子 · 正/负/零序分解重构
Decompose unbalanced phasors into positive / negative / zero sequence sets
Short-circuit fault current
Short-circuit fault current
三相V/Z1 · 单相接地3V/(Z1+Z2+Z0) · 故障MVA
Sequence networks → three-phase, line-to-line and single-line-to-ground fault currents
Economic dispatch · lambda iteration
Economic dispatch · lambda iteration
λ迭代 · 等微增率dCi/dPi=λ · ΣPi=负荷+限值
Share load so every unit runs at equal incremental cost λ